Supersolidity of cnoidal waves in an ultracold Bose gas
Year: 2021
Authors: Martone G.I.; Recati A.; Pavloff N.
Autors Affiliation: University Paris-Saclay, CNRS, LPTMS, 91405 Orsay, France; Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne University, CNRS, ENS-University PSL, Collige de France, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy; Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, 38123 Trento, Italy
Abstract: A one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate may experience nonlinear periodic modulations known as cnoidal waves. We argue that such structures represent promising candidates for the study of supersolidity-related phenomena in a nonequilibrium state. A mean-field treatment makes it possible to rederive Leggett?s formula for the superfluid fraction of the system and to estimate it analytically. We determine the excitation spectrum, for which we obtain analytical results in the two opposite limiting cases of (i) a linearly modulated background and (ii) a train of dark solitons. The presence of two Goldstone (gapless) modes, associated with the spontaneous breaking of U(1) symmetry and of continuous translational invariance, at long wavelength is verified. We also calculate the static structure factor and the compressibility of cnoidal waves, which show a divergent behavior at the edges of each Brillouin zone.
Journal/Review: PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
Volume: 3 (1) Pages from: 013143-1 to: 013143-15
KeyWords: EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; SUPERFLUID; STABILITY; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM; FLOWDOI: 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.013143