In the review paper of Luca Salasnich (INO-CNR and Padova Univ.) and Flavio Toigo, recently published in the high-impact-factor journal “Physics Reports”, it is shown that quantum fluctuations (i.e. the zero-point energy of the quantum field which describes the system) play a fundamental role in ultracold and dilute atomic gases. These atomic gases are currently under experimental investigation at INO-CNR and LENS reaching temperatures near the absolute zero.

The equation of state of these ultracold gases is quite different with respect to the familiar mean-field equation due to quantum fluctuations which become increasingly important by reducing the temperature.

Reference:
L. Salasnich and F. Toigo, Phys. Rep. 640, 1 (2016).

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