Experimental test of exchange fluctuation relations in an open quantum system

Anno: 2020

Autori: Hernández-Gómez S., Gherardini S., Poggiali F., Cataliotti F. S., Trombettoni A., Cappellaro P., Fabbri N.

Affiliazione autori: European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Università di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; CNR-IOM DEMOCRITOS Simulation Center, I-34136 Trieste, Italy; Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), I-34136 Trieste, Italy; Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA

Abstract: Elucidating the energy transfer between a quantum system and a reservoir is a central issue in quantum nonequilibrium thermodynamics, which could provide novel tools to engineer quantum-enhanced heat engines. The lack of information on the reservoir inherently limits the practical insight that can be gained on the exchange process of open quantum systems. Here we investigate the energy transfer for an open quantum system in the framework of quantum fluctuation relations. As a novel toolbox, we employ a nitrogen-vacancy center spin qubit in diamond, subject to repeated quantum projective measurements and a tunable dissipation channel. In the presence of energy fluctuations originated by dissipation and quantum projective measurements, the experimental results, supplemented by numerical simulations, show the validity of the energy exchange fluctuation relation, where the energy scale factor encodes missing reservoir information in the system out-of-equilibrium steady-state properties. This result is complemented by a theoretical argument showing that, also for an open three-level quantum system, the existence of an out-of-equilibrium steady state dictates a unique time-independent value of the energy scale factor for which the fluctuation relation is verified. Our findings pave the way to the investigation of energy exchange mechanisms in arbitrary open quantum systems.

Giornale/Rivista: PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH

Volume: 2 (2)      Da Pagina: 023327-1  A: 023327-9

Maggiori informazioni: This work was supported by EU-FP7 ERC Starting Q-SEnS2 (Grant No. 337135), Fondazione CR Firenze through the project Q-BIOSCAN, and by the MISTI Global Seed Funds MIT-FVG Collaboration Grant “NV centers for the test of the Quantum Jarzynski Equality (NVQJE).” We thank A. Sone, S. Ruffo, and M. Campisi for fruitful discussions and M. Inguscio for continuous inspiration and support.
Parole chiavi: quantum thermodynamics, NV center, diamond technologies, open quantum systems
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.023327

Citazioni: 29
dati da “WEB OF SCIENCE” (of Thomson Reuters) aggiornati al: 2024-03-24
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